rbtfl.

investigative accountability

관점별 · 1 시각 이번 호 전체

Investigative report documenting that despite the EU's 20th sanctions package banning transactions involving Murmansk port, Russian-mined nickel continues to reach Western markets through third-country intermediaries, processing in Finland (Norilsk Nickel subsidiary Harjavalta), and jurisdictional gaps in the sanctions architecture. US palladium substitution efforts have not identified commercially viable alternatives at scale.

“Despite the EU's Murmansk port ban, Russian nickel still flows to Western markets through third-country intermediaries; the sanctions gap is structural, not an enforcement failure.”