Indian policy analysis / current affairs

Synthesises the FSR findings for a policy audience: gross NPA at 2.15% (September 2025), the lowest in twelve years, down from a peak of 11.18% in 2018 and 9.11% for public banks in March 2021. Net NPA at 0.52% (March 2025). Contextualises the recovery as the fruit of the IBC / NCLT insolvency process and the post-pandemic credit-quality tightening.

“Banks' gross NPA ratio fell to 2.15% in September 2025, the lowest in twelve-plus years, capping a recovery from the 11.18% peak of 2018.”