Indian strategic / grey-zone doctrine
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ORF (Observer Research Foundation) · India · India builds an Indian Ocean fortress as China's grey-zone ships map the seabed
Defines China's IOR grey-zone toolkit: survey ships mapping undersea terrain for submarine routing, dual-use ports at Hambantota (Sri Lanka) and Kyaukphyu (Myanmar) functioning as logistics nodes, and the Djibouti base positioning PLAN for persistent IOR presence. Frames INMSS-2026 as India's first doctrine that explicitly names grey-zone coercion as a strategic threat class.
“China's IOR grey-zone is not naval provocation - it is cartography, logistics and soft basing that pre-positions the PLAN without triggering a response threshold.”